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Category: Freedom of Expression

Article 10 and the Duke of Brunswick

11 March, 200925 August, 2020
| 10 Comments
| Defamation Bill 2006, ECHR, Freedom of Expression, Multiple publication

Duke of Brunswick, originally via wikipedia, but now hosted locallyWilliam VIII, Duke of Brunswick (pictured left; 1806-1884) was ruling duke of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1830 until his death. A famous eccentric, he bequeathed at least two interesting events to history. First, he lost a famous chess game to Paul Morphy (the Bobby Fischer of his era). Second, he won an infamous libel appeal which now governs internet publication at English and Irish law.

The rule in Duke of Brunswick v Harmer (1849) 14 QB 185 is that each individual publication of a libel gives rise to a separate cause of action, subject to its own limitation period; it has been followed at the highest levels (Berezovsky v Michaels [2000] UKHL 25 (11 May 2000); Dow Jones v Gutnick (2002) 210 CLR 575, [2002] HCA 56 (10 December 2002)) and in the online context (Godfrey v Demon Internet Ltd [2001] QB 201, [1999] EWHC QB 244 (26 March 1999); Dow Jones v Gutnick again). US law is different: a defamatory publication gives rise to a single cause of action for libel, which accrues at the time of the original publication, and that the statute of limitations runs from that date (see, eg, Gregoire v GP Putnam’s Sons 81 NE 2d 45 (1948)).…

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The Rushdie fatwa 20 years later

14 February, 200922 July, 2009
| 2 Comments
| Censorship, Freedom of Expression

Satanic Verses cover, via WikipediaRushdie: I’m glad I wrote Satanic Verses at BreakingNews.ie referring to this interview
Geoffrey Wheatcroft on Reflections on a fatwa in the International Herald Tribune
Lisa Appignanesi on The Satanic Verses at 20 at Index on Censorship; and listen to her here on the Guardian website
Bernard-Henri Lévy on Emblem of Darkness at Index on Censorship
Anniversary of Rushdie book fatwa on the BBC
Satanic Verses‘ polarising untruths on the BBC
What happened to the book burners? on the BBC
Matthew d’Ancona on How we got here in The Spectator
Andrew Anthony on How one book ignited a culture war in The Guardian
Salman Rushdie and a fatwa woman on Looking for Words
The Satanic Verses Still Have Something to Say as Freedom of Expression Remains Threatened (pdf) at Article XIX
Unwritten books, unshown art on this blog …

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ECHR on Arts 6, 8 and 10

6 February, 20095 February, 2009
| 1 Comment
| ECHR, Freedom of Expression, prior restraint, Privacy

Logo of the Council of Europe.The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was promulgated by the Council of Europe in 1950. The European Court of Human Rights was established under that Convention to enforce the rights protected by it, and it has recently handed down three very interesting judgments concerning Articles 6 (fair trial), 8 (privacy), and 10 (speech).

Article 6(1) provides that

… everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. …

ECHR blog brings news of Application no 22330/05 Olujic v Croatia (05/02/2009), in which adverse public comments by three judges in advance of hearing a case against the applicant denied him a fair hearing within the meaning of Article 6. What makes the case all the more interesting is that Olujic had been President of the Supreme Court, the case concerned his dismissal from the bench for publicly fraternising with known criminals, the three judges had publicly and adversely commented about this after the allegations had been made, and one had been a rival candidate for the Presidency of the Court.

Article 8(1) provides:

Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.

…

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The Future of Free Expression in a Digital Age

4 February, 20092 February, 2009
| No Comments
| Freedom of Expression

SSRN logo, via their website.Jack Balkin, on his blog, has just posted a paper under the above title on SSRN. It is a very insightful consideration of some very important theoretical and practical issues. Here’s abstract:

In the twenty-first century, at the very moment that our economic and social lives are increasingly dominated by information technology and information flows, the judge-made doctrines of the First Amendment seem increasingly irrelevant to the key free speech battles of the future. The most important decisions affecting the future of freedom of speech will not occur in constitutional law; they will be decisions about technological design, legislative and administrative regulations, the formation of new business models, and the collective activities of end-users. Moreover, the values of freedom of expression will become subsumed withing a larger set of concerns that I call knowledge and information policy. The essay uses debates over network neutrality and intermediary liability as examples of these trends.

Freedom of speech depends not only on the mere absence of state censorship, but also on an infrastructure of free expression. Properly designed, it gives people opportunities to create and build technologies and institutions that other people can use for communication and association. Hence policies that promote innovation and protect the freedom to create new technologies and applications are increasingly central to free speech values.

…

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Hecklers must not have a veto

3 February, 20093 March, 2023
| 7 Comments
| college funding, Freedom of Expression, Uncategorized

I’m very disappointed with the Literary and Debating Society of NUI Galway. Having wrapped themselves in the mantle of freedom of expression over their invitation to David Irving, they let the mantle slip last night. Having invited former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Bertie Ahern to a public interview, the event had to be abandoned because of protests by students opposing the reintroduction of college fees (see Belfast Telegraph | GalwayNews.ie | Indymedia | Irish Times | Ninth Level Ireland | RTÉ here and here | YouTube). The Auditor of the Lit & Deb, Dan Colley, is reported to have said that he was “disappointed” at the turn of events, and concluded

This was a failure of freedom of speech.

No, Dan, this was a failure on the part of the Lit & Deb to protect the process of freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is not self-executing. Those who claim to support it have a duty to do so actively. It’s not enough to say free speech is important; it is necessary to be active in its defence and support. If a society such as the Lit & Deb invites controversial speakers, making a grab for the headlines, then that society must ensure that the controversial speakers actually have the opportunity to speak.…

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A true verdict?

30 January, 200930 January, 2009
| No Comments
| Freedom of Expression

12 Angry Men, dvd cover, via rotten tomatoes website.In a previous post, I looked at the restrictions on publishing jury deliberations. Now comes the news that, in the UK, the Attorney-General has been given the go-ahead to prosecute The Times:

The Attorney-General has been given permission to bring contempt of court proceedings against the publishers of The Times and the foreman of a jury alleged to have revealed “secrets of the jury room”.

The foreman’s anonymous criticism of the conviction of a childminder for the manslaughter of a baby in her care was reported in a Times article in 2007. At the High Court, Baroness Scotland of Asthal, QC, was given leave to bring proceedings against Times Newspapers Ltd and the foreman. The newspaper had not been informed of the hearing.

Lord Justice Maurice Kay said: “We don’t think this is the very gravest case of jury indiscretion – nevertheless we grant permission.”

One question which I assume will arise – as Joseph Jaconelli suggested in (1990) 10 Legal Studies 91 and in chapter 7 of Open Justice: A critique of the Public Trial (OUP, 2002) – will be as to the extent to which freedom of expression, on the part both of the juror and of the media, trenches upon the traditional absolute secrecy of the jury room.…

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Recent speech cases

28 January, 200927 January, 2009
| No Comments
| ECHR, Freedom of Expression, US Supreme Court

Cover of From a European Court of Human Rights press release:

Orban v France (application no. 20985/05)

The Court held unanimously that there had been a violation of Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention on Human Rights on account of the applicants’ conviction for, among other offences, publicly defending war crimes, following publication of the book Services Spéciaux Algérie 1955-1957 (“Special Services: Algeria 1955-1957”) …

The Court considered that the applicants’ conviction amounted to interference with their right to freedom of expression. The interference had been prescribed by French law and had pursued the legitimate aim of preventing disorder or crime. The Court stressed above all that it was not for it to rule on the constituent elements of the offence of publicly defending war crimes, its role being confined to ascertaining whether the applicants’ conviction on account of the publication of the book in question could be said to have been “necessary in a democratic society”.

On the question whether the interference had been “necessary in a democratic society”, the Court observed first of all that the authorities had had only a limited margin of appreciation, circumscribed by the interest of a democratic society in enabling the press to impart information and ideas on all matters of public interest and guaranteeing the public’s right to receive them.

…

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Freedom of speech for unpopular speakers; or, High flyers brought low

27 January, 200927 January, 2009
| 1 Comment
| Freedom of Expression

Ryanair and Aer Lingus tail fins, via the BBC website.This post is by way of an out-of-date footnote to the previous two. I never thought I’d see the day when I would willingly come to the defence of Michael O’Leary, CEO of Ryanair, but – never say never – it’s happened! O’Leary revels in his unpopularity, a result as much of his airline’s lack of frills as of his straight-talking defence of this policy. Even though I’ve been a victim of his airline’s policies, I am more than happy to assert and defend his right to talk straight, not only in defence of those policies, but also to debate the merits of his airline taking over another.

Last week, he and Dermot Mannion (the CEO of Aer Lingus, the airline in Ryanair’s sights) had been scheduled to engage in just such a debate on Prime Time, RTÉ‘s flagship current affairs tv program, but the Irish Takeover Panel considered that it would constitute a breach of take over regulations, and the debate was cancelled. Nothing daunted, O’Leary sought to quash this ‘gag order’, and commenced judicial review proceedings. However, given the failure of the takeover, the court challenge was withdrawn. This is a pity.…

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Hi there! Thanks for dropping by. I’m Eoin O’Dell, and this is my blog: Cearta.ie – the Irish for rights.


“Cearta” really is the Irish word for rights, so the title provides a good sense of the scope of this blog.

In general, I write here about private law, free speech, and cyber law; and, in particular, I write about Irish law and education policy.


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