cearta.ie – Page 88 – the Irish for rights

Last month on this site, I posed the question: why do we need a Censorship of Publications Board? It was a rhetorical question; in my view, we don’t need one at all.

The Censorship of Publications Board was established by section 3 of the Censorship of Publications Act, 1929 (also here), with the power (under section 6 (also here)) to prohibit the sale of any book which

… is indecent or obscene or advocates the unnatural prevention of conception or the procurement of abortion or miscarriage or the use of any method, treatment or appliance for the purpose of such prevention or such procurement …

Its procedures are governed by the Censorship of Publications Regulations, 1980 (SI No 292 of 1980), and the Department of Justice website contains the Register of Prohibited Publications of December 2009 (here: pdf). A piece by John Byrne in today’s Irish Times (with added links) not only reinforces my view that we no longer have need for such paternalism, but also gives grounds for optimism that we will soon no longer be subject to it:

What a shocker: no more books to ban

After 80 years of censorship from a board once internationally notorious for its prurience, the last remaining book to be banned in Ireland on the grounds of obscenity will have its prohibition lifted this year, …

On May 9th, 1930, a year after the passing of the initial Censorship of Publications Act, [Aldous] Huxley’s novel [Point Counter Point, above left] became the Act’s first casualty.

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Judgment reserved in Lowry v Smyth

17 December, 201018 December, 2010

| 2 Comments

| Defamation, Defamation Act 2009

In Watters v Independent Star [2010] IECC 1 (3 November 2010) Matthews J in the Circuit Court handed down the first reserved decision under the Defamation Act, 2009 (also here). We will soon have the second. The politician Michael Lowry TD (pictured left) has taken a defamation action against journalist Sam Smyth over comments Smyth made in an article in the Irish Independent newspaper last May and on TV3 last June. I’ve already blogged about an earlier procedural skirmish in the case. The full action was heard today. According to the RTÉ news website (with links added by me to the relevant sections of the 2009 Act):

Mr Lowry says that Mr Smyth’s assertions portrayed him as corrupt, dishonest and untrustworthy and both unfit and unsuitable to be a minister or a TD. He said that other people had taken this same meaning from Mr Smyth’s comments. Mr Lowry says the comments were false and as such were deeply offensive and defamatory.

Mr Lowry is seeking that the court make a number of orders including that Mr Smyth apologise, publish a correction and refrain from making such public comments in the future. However, Mr Smyth is arguing that the comments made by him were true and represented his honest opinion.

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The IMF deal can change the Irish legal system for the better

13 December, 201023 June, 2011

| 6 Comments

| Competition Law, Irish Law, Legal Education, Legal Services Regulation

In yesterday’s Sunday Business Post, I argued that the IMF deal can change the Irish legal system for the better, reflecting arguments I have already made here and here.

IMF deal can change the Irish legal system for the better

The IMF deal has provoked a great deal of discussion, from its impact on our political and economic sovereignty, through the details of tax increases, state spending cuts and the implementation timetable, to the question of whether it needs to be ratified by Dáil resolution or even referendum. But there is a lot more to it than that.

IMF packages typically require structural reform to open the labour market and encourage competition in goods and services. The memorandum of understanding between the IMF and our government is no different. It requires the government to introduce legislation to remove restrictions on trade and competition in professions such as law, medicine and pharmacy. …

The IMF memorandum made it clear that all of the necessary legislation must be enacted by the end of the third quarter of 2011. This is probably not an impossible target, as these recommendations were not new in 2005 and 2006: many of them had been made in a report in 1990.

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Bar Council unhappy with IMF proposals

9 December, 201023 June, 2011

| 4 Comments

| Competition Law, Irish Law, Legal Education, Legal Services Regulation

Following on from my post on the impact of the IMF bailout on Irish legal education, I see from today’s Irish Times that the Bar Council (logo left) is not happy with some of the proposals, in particular those directed to the establishment of an independent statutory Legal Services Commission:

Parts of legal sector reform ‘not in public interest’

CAROL COULTER, Legal Affairs Editor

THE BAR Council has criticised proposals concerning the legal professions in the Government’s four-year plan and in the EU-International Monetary Fund (IMF) programme of financial support. … Responding to queries from The Irish Times, the Bar Council said it welcomed aspects of the plan and the programme:

However, there are other aspects which have come as some surprise to the Bar Council, and which cause it concern, not because of any sectional or selfish interest but because they do not appear to be in the public interest.

… Bar Council chairman Paul O’Higgins SC said the Council had not been made aware of any detailed proposal to give effect to the establishment of an agency described as an “independent regulator” and it awaited details:

The Bar Council notes that the position of legal services ombudsman has recently been advertised in the national press.

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Leave is refused in QUB graduate’s judicial review of his degree result

8 December, 201031 January, 2013

| 3 Comments

| Andrew Croskery, Grading and Marking, Litigation, Universities

It’s being reported that Andrew Croskery has failed in his bid to review the 2:2 engineering degree he was awarded by Queen’s University Belfast. According to the BBC:

Judge rules no judicial review over disputed degree

A judge refuses leave for a judicial review of decisions made by Queen’s University over a graduate’s disputed degree classification.

Andrew Croskery, from County Down, was seeking leave for a review of decisions made by the university’s Board of Examiners. But a High Court judge ruled the case should remain exclusively within the jurisdiction of Queen’s appeals body. …

Mr Justice Treacy said that even if this confirmed the existing classification, two further rights of appeal were open to Mr Croskery. He can take his challenge to the University’s Central Students Appeals Committee, and to a Board of Visitors. …

According to the UTV news website, Mr Justice Treacy concluded: “The matter in dispute remains exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Board of Visitors.” And, according to the RTÉ news website, Queen’s has said it will convene a further hearing of the Board of Examiners to study the case. When the judgment is available on the NI Courts & Tribunals website or Bailii, I’ll return to this case.…

Santa, Scrooge, and overactive ATMs

8 December, 201020 August, 2019

| 13 Comments

| Irish Society, Mistaken payments, Restitution

Yesterday, as Scrooge announced a take-away budget, Santa produced give-away bank machines. Bank of Ireland experienced “an unforeseen technical issue” with its computers. This meant that some of its customers were able to make ATM withdrawals of amounts greater than their available funds or credit. However, the bank said that all money withdrawn by customers in excess of their balances yesterday will have to be repaid, and that ATMs are working normally now.

The bank’s first port of call to enforce their repayments will be the terms and conditions of the contracts they have with their customers. For example, clause 3.2 and clause 10 of the Terms & Conditions relating to Personal Current Accounts in the Standard Current Account Terms & Conditions (PDF) allow the bank to recover unauthorised overdrafts incurred “without the bank’s prior written agreement”; and clause 2.9 of the Terms and Conditions of Use relating to ATM Cards and Laser Cards in the same Standard Terms and Conditions permits the bank to restore an account to the state it would have been in had “an incorrectly executed transation not taken place”. However, reliance on these terms and conditions may be displaced if the term is unfair having regard to the European Communities (Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts) Regulations, 1995 (SI No 27 of 1995), or if a strict interpretation of the relevant terms excluded their applicability (for example, the argument might run that the terms and conditions apply to the ordinary running of the account and not to these kinds of extraordinary circumstances where the bank simply allowed the transactions to go ahead with the risk that some customers at least would not have the relevant available funds).…

Blasphemy and the European Court of Human Rights

7 December, 201028 April, 2020

| 3 Comments

| Blasphemy, ECHR

Robert A Kahn (University of St Thomas School of Law, Minnesota) A Margin of Appreciation for Muslims? Viewing the Defamation of Religions Debate Through Otto-Preminger-Institut v Austria 5 Charleston Law Review 401 (2010-2011) (abstract; via SSRN):

Critics of the global standard outlawing defamation of religions often view the proposal as an effort by radical Muslims to deprive the liberal West of long-held liberties. What if however, the supporters of the proposal are surprisingly moderate in what they ask for? What if the liberal West itself has a history of banning blasphemy? To explore these questions, this essay looks at the defamation of religions debate from the vantage point of Otto-Preminger-Institut v Austria 13470/87, (1995) 19 EHRR 34, [1994] ECHR 26 (20 September 1994) in which the European Court for Human Rights upheld an Austrian prosecution of a film potentially offensive to Catholics. The Otto-Preminger case unsettles the critics’ arguments in two ways. First, the majority suggests one could ban some blasphemy without stifling religions debate. Second, the dissent, while opposing the prosecution, would have allowed Austria to ban violent and abusive attacks on religious groups. This suggests a compromise where defamation of religions proposal is read as calling for a ban on the incitement of religious hatred.

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Courtroom broadcasting

6 December, 2010

| 1 Comment

| General

Adam Wagner on UK Human Rights Blog takes up the perennial question of whether courtroom proceedings should be broadcast. Some extracts from his blogpost:

Should justice be televised?

The head of Sky News has argued in a new Guardian article that justice must be televised as allowing TV cameras in court would help restore public faith in criminal proceedings. …

The usual arguments in support are:

Television opens the court to public scrutiny

Televised hearings can educate the public about what happens in the justice system

Cameras have no negative impact on trials, according to U.S. research

The public have a right to see justice done, and the only proper way this can be accomplished is to allow them access to hearings through their TV sets

And the arguments against:

Televised justice leads to soundbites and sensationalism, and edited highlights of a case lose the subtlety of legal argument

Television fosters disrespect for the court

Cameras pervert the trial process as juries become star struck and lawyers grandstand

Victims and witnesses are intimidated an can be less safe as a result. …

The Lawtube age
The debate over cameras in court is as old as camera technology itself, but in the age of YouTube, 24-hour news and the iPlayer, it should be reopened.

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